Introduction

Today, when information science develops, bibliometric studies attain an extraordinary meaning. Their function is to evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively, the final product of research conducted in a given context. At the same time they measure productivity and visibility of the journal under examination [1].

Medwave is an electronic peer-reviewed journal with open access, containing original review articles on clinical, social, political and economic health determinants, and research articles from clinical and biomedical fields.

Scientific [2] journals, as the one object of the undergoing study, permanently receive an evaluation process. This process allows them to gain a value in the dissemination of scientific work of the authors and, in turn, the authors recognize this value and submit their work to the more acknowledged journals.

Patrón et al [3] claim that thanks to the bibliometric indicators, scientific activity becomes valid when one of the final products of the research process is palpable, contributing to the scientific community with new skills and behaviors before different medical situations. Espino et al [4] defined them as tools to assess the progress of a publication, identify gaps and set specific strategies for their solution. They are especially useful when designing policies to visualize a journal and display its productivity.

Handling bibliometric indicators allows a statistical analysis of the behavior of science through its scientific production and also helps identify research areas that are being developed or left aside. So that Guerra et al [5] states that "bibliometric studies are becoming increasingly important for the scientific community due to their valuable contributions to the knowledge of the state of the art of an area or research topic."

For these reasons the authors´ aim with this report is to characterize the scientific output in terms of visibility and productivity, of Medwave, indexed in Google Scholar, through the scientometric indicators offered by the program Publish or Perish [6] in the period 2010 to 2014.

Methods

A bibliometric, descriptive and retrospective study was conducted to characterize the scientific output of Medwave, a journal indexed in Google Scholar, in terms of visibility and productivity in the period 2010- 2014. This was made through the scientometric indicators offered by the program Publish or Perish. The sample was made up of 481 articles published in the period under review. The following indicators were obtained on June 24^th, 2016:

• Number of papers, total citations, citations per year, citations per article, citations per author, citations per author and year and authors per article.
• Index H: that considers both the number of items and the number of citations received. "A scientist has index H if H of his Np of his or her articles receive at least h citations each, and the other (Np - H) works have at most h citations each" [7]. In other words, a scientist has index H if he or she has published papers with at least h citations each. The same happens when a journal is analyzed.
• Contemporary hc Index: takes into account the lifetime of the articles, and as time passes, this index decreases [7].
• Individual h o hI Index: based on the average number of authors that published with the author in order to particularize the impact of the members of a team. It is obtained by dividing h by the average number of authors in the articles [9].
• Single normalized Index, hInorm: refers to the citations made to each article [9]. It normalizes the number of citations for each article by dividing the number of citations by the number of authors of that document, and then calculates the index h of standard references count [10].
• Hm Index: takes into account the total number of citations of the author [11].
• Index e: aims to differentiate those authors who have works that receive many citations but, could show an index H like the rest [12]. The aim of the e-index is to differentiate between scientists with similar h-indices but different citation patterns.
• Index g: also aims to differentiate authors with a greater number of citations. It considers all citations of the g most cited articles and represents an average of citations among these g items. Once the articles are sorted digressively, g is the largest value so that the top g articles have, as a whole, at least g² citations [13]. It gives more weight to highly-cited articles.
• Annual Index h, hIannual: aims to analyze the annual impact of the journal. It is the average annual increase in hI,norm. It is the average number of points h equivalent index of a single author (or journal) than an academic (or journal) has accumulated in each year [10].

Furthermore, each of these indicators is accurately explained in the user manual [8] of the Publish or Perish program. The number of articles published according to the number of authors involved in research is displayed. We also show the titles, number of citations, authors and citations per year of the articles that contributed to the journal productivity.

The search for the indicators was performed by introducing the name of the journal (Medwave), its ISSN (0717-6384), and the study period in the navigation box of the Publish or Perish software.

We proceeded to the analysis of all the information obtained, comparisons were made with other studies and literature was also consulted. The results are expressed in a contingency table and a simple bar chart.

Results

Table I shows the scientometric indicators characterizing the journal being analyzed in the period from 2010 to 2014. There were 481 articles published with a total of 220 citations, at a rate of about 36 citations per year. Articles with two or fewer authors each predominated (Figure 1).

Table 1.

Scientometric indicators showing visibility and productivity of Medwave. 2010-2014.

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The number of authors per article is concentrated in the vast majority between one or two researchers (Figure 1).

Figure 1.

Distribution of articles by number of authors. 2010-2014.

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Table II shows the visibility of the ten most cited articles of the journal Medwave in the period under review. Those who contributed to the index H were those who had five or more citations (six articles). The year with more visibility was 2012.

Table II.

Most cited articles in the period 2010-2014 the Medwave journal.

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Discussion

The dynamic growth of information technology and communications has enabled access to scientific production of professionals from anywhere, anytime. This is why, the assessment of production processes and communication of scientific knowledge resulting from research activity is an increasingly growing need [14].

Scientific research is a primary activity of universities. The visibility of scientific articles is important for researchers, for the academic institutions in which they work and for organizations giving research funding. Since it is complex to individually evaluate each manuscript, the application of scientometric indices that measure the citations received by the journals in which they were published, is widespread, assuming the visibility of journals can be applied to all manuscripts published in them [15].

This harmonizes with Reyes et al [16] who claim that the publication of a journal "online", exclusively or combined with a printed version, increases its visibility by providing access to an area of more readers than only subscribers to the printed version. This is most noticeable if the electronic version is included in a database widely available allowing free access to articles, either through the title and English abstract (case  of PubMed) or also to the full text (case of SciELO). Hence the importance of incorporating the journals to international and national databases with high visibility.

It was shown that Medwave´s productivity is higher than the Medicentro Electronic Journal [17] published in Cuba. This is regarding the number of years studied and the number of articles published, though in different time periods; both journals provide 481 and 444 articles respectively. This was not the case of the Journal of Information Science (Revista de Ciencias de la Información) in Cuba that doubled Medwave´s productivity according to Arencibia [18].

The transparency of a journal is manifested through the citations received by its articles over a period of time. In the present case we had over 130 citations per author and over 20 citations per author each year of study. This shows that the space occupied in scientific communication of articles published in Medwave was satisfactory. In this sense, the results are superior to bibliometric findings in a medical journal in Granma, Cuba (Gallardo, 2016, unpublished results). Many researchers [3],[4],[5],[6],[7],[14],[15] coincide with these indicators, but differ in that they are computed in databases such as Wok and Scopus.

According to Mitras, cited by Peralta González et al [19], the impact indicators, visibility and quality are the most controversial and questionable in the bibliometric field. They refer to the final value, influence or impact of documents in other publications. They are associated with directions reached by bibliographic citations and are generally linked to the impact factor and citation index.

In recent times the h-index is a bibliometric indicator that gains power as a reference for the research career compared to the impact factor mainly because it unifies spread and impact. According to some researchers [20] "its main weakness is it does not appreciate the queues of citations above or below the index and thus promotes mass producers of articles and penalizes selective producers".

In the analyzed case we found that there are five published articles cited at least five times. This expresses in some extent a pleasant productivity. Other medical journals indexed in Google Scholar show a lower h index, such as Multimed (a medical journal in Granma, Cuba). The g index, first described in 2006, states that the amount of citations accumulated by the six most cited articles is over six-squared.

"From a historical and sociological perspective, the participation of several authors in the development of a work is a result of the professionalization of the scientific community [21]". When Figure 1 is analyzed it is clear that cooperation between researchers is almost nil, more than half of the authors publish their articles on an individual basis and only 48.1% of the studies are conducted in collaboration. This element disagrees with Barranco et al [22], who find collaboration among researchers who published their articles in Revista Enfermería Global, published by the University of Murcia.

In a scientometric study completed in Cuba, to Multimed (a medical journal from Granma province); a larger collaboration between researchers was found, since articles with three or more authors (Gallardo, 2016) predominated; a fact that differs from that found in the present study.

Researchers like Gómez García et al [23] in a bibliometric study with Revista de Educación XX1 in Spain, obtained the predominance of participation of one to two authors per article published in the period 2000-2009. Event in accordance with the results of this investigation.

Table II shows the ten most cited papers in Medwave in the period analyzed, stating the title of the published research, citations received, year of publication and authors. The year of greatest impact in the period analyzed was 2012. All this points out that Medwave, despite having only a little more than a decade of being launched, is already indexed in databases with international impact a fact that helps the spread of scientific knowledge from its articles and therefore to get more citations. Among these databases are: MEDLINE / PubMed, Google Scholar and LILIACS. In addition, in the directories: DOAJ and LATINDEX.

Conclusions

In conclusion, we obtained (through the program Publish or Perish) the more specific scientometric indicators of Medwave allowing for its visibility and productivity. There was a low rate of cooperation among authors since articles with individual authors prevailed. The insufficient number of articles that contributed to the productivity of the journal dominated despite having significant number of citations.

These indicators should be a starting point for further editorial work and allowing Medwave to be an example of quality in scientific production for Chile, Latin America and the world.

Notes

From the editor
The authors originally submitted this article in Spanish and subsequently translated it into English. The Journal has not copyedited this version.

Conflicts of interest
The authors completed the ICMJE conflict of interest declaration form, translated to Spanish by Medwave, and declare not having received funding for the preparation of this report, not having any financial relationships with organizations that could have interests in the published article in the last three years, and not having other relations or activities that might influence the article´s content. Forms can be requested to the responsible author or the editorial direction of the Journal.

Funding
The authors declare that there was no funding coming from external sources.