Estudios originales
Published on 25 de octubre de 2022 | http://doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2022.09.2581
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of survivors of SARS-COV-2 infection: A descriptive study
| Variable | n (%) | 95% CI |
| Age - Mean (SD) (range) | 39.4 (13.9) (18 to 89) | 38.8 to 40.1 |
| 18 to 29 | 527 (30.1) | 28.0 to 32.3 |
| 30 to 64 | 1142 (65.2) | 62.9 to 67.5 |
| 65 to 79 | 78 (4.5) | 3.5 to 5.5 |
| ≥ 80 | 4 (0.2) | 0.1 to 0.6 |
| Male | 502 (27.0) | 25.0 to 29.1 |
| Female | 1353 (72.8) | 70.7 to 74.8 |
| Other | 3 (0.2) | 0.0 to 0.5 |
| Arterial hypertension | 218 (11.7) | 10.2 to 13.2 |
| Diabetes | 73 (3.9) | 3.1 to 4.9 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 15 (0.8) | 0.5 to 1.3 |
| Heart failure | 28 (1.5) | 1.0 to 2.2 |
| Chronic renal insufficiency | 4 (0.2) | 0.1 to 0.5 |
| Cancer | 49 (2.6) | 1.9 to 3.5 |
| Autoimmune disease1 | 179 (9.6) | 8.3 to 11.0 |
| Myocardial infarction | 4 (0.2) | 0.1 to 0.5 |
| Stroke | 18 (1.0) | 0.6 to 1.5 |
| Current smoking | 237 (12.8) | 11.3 to 14.4 |
| Smoking cessation less than 1 year ago2 | 75 (4.1) | 3.2 to 5.1 |
| Smoking cessation more than 1 year ago3 | 485 (26.2) | 24.2 to 28.3 |
| Never smoked | 1054 (56.9) | 54.6 to 59.2 |
| Body mass index - Mean (SD) (range) | 26.7 (5.6) (15.1 to 68.8) | 26.4 to 26.9 |
| Performed physical activity | 1035 (55.4) | 53.1 to 57.7 |
| Immunosuppressive medication prior to infection4 | 59 (3.2) | 2.4 to 4.1 |
| RT-qPCR5 | 803 (43.0) | 40.7 to 45.3 |
| Rapid test (antigen) | 586 (31.4) | 29.3 to 33.5 |
| Antibodies6 | 74 (4.0) | 3.1 to 4.9 |
| Close contact | 476 (25.5) | 23.5 to 27.5 |
| Clinical diagnosis | 142 (7.6) | 6.4 to 8.9 |
| Asymptomatic | 45 (2.4) | 1.8 to 3.2 |
| Asthenia | 1563 (83.7) | 81.9 to 85.3 |
| Fever | 1025 (54.9) | 52.6 to 57.1 |
| Odynophagia | 694 (37.2) | 35.0 to 39.4 |
| Dorsalgia | 922 (49.4) | 47.1 to 51.7 |
| Arthralgias | 715 (38.3) | 36.1 to 40.5 |
| Dyspnea | 666 (35.7) | 33.5 to 37.9 |
| Headache | 1135 (60.8) | 58.5 to 63.0 |
| Anosmia | 1210 (64.8) | 62.6 to 66.9 |
| Ageusia | 994 (53.2) | 50.9 to 55.5 |
| Chest pain | 459 (24.6) | 22.6 to 26.6 |
| Rhinitis/nasal congestion | 789 (42.2) | 40.0 to 44.5 |
| Cough | 1016 (54.4) | 52.1 to 56.7 |
| Diarrhea | 462 (24.7) | 22.8 to 26.8 |
| Dizziness | 266 (14.2) | 12.7 to 15.9 |
| Myalgias | 1004 (53.7) | 51.5 to 56.0 |
| Vertigo | 99 (5.3) | 4.3 to 6.4 |
| Hyporexia | 598 (32.0) | 29.9 to 34.2 |
| Nausea | 252 (13.5) | 12.0 to 15.1 |
| Vomiting | 134 (7.2) | 6.0 to 8.4 |
| Heartburn | 134 (7.2) | 6.0 to 8.4 |
| Sweating | 507 (27.1) | 25.1 to 29.2 |
| Concentration/memory disorder | 507 (27.1) | 25.1 to 29.2 |
| Pneumonia7 | 300 (16.1) | 14.4 to 17.8 |
| No hospitalization required | 1530 (91.9) | 90.5 to 93.2 |
| General ward with oxygen | 103 (6.2) | 5.1 to 7.5 |
| Intensive therapy with mechanical ventilation | 31 (1.9) | 1.3 to 2.6 |
| Aspirin | 84 (4.5) | 3.6 to 5.5 |
| Paracetamol | 1232 (66.0) | 63.8 to 68.1 |
| Ivermectine | 15 (0.8) | 0.5 to 1.3 |
| Azithromycin | 5 (0.3) | 0.1 to 0.6 |
| Dexamethasone | 20 (1.1) | 0.7 to 1.6 |
| Ibuprofen | 127 (6.8) | 5.7 to 8.0 |
| Clarithromycin | 7 (0.4) | 0.2 to 0.8 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 0 | 0 |
| Amoxicillin/clavulanate | 1 (0.1) | 0.0 to 0.3 |
| Workplace | 305 (16.3) | 14.7 to 18.1 |
| School, university | 8 (0.4) | 0.2 to 0.8 |
| Outdoor social, family gathering | 94 (5.0) | 4.1 to 6.1 |
| Indoor social, family gathering | 196 (10.5) | 9.1 to 12.0 |
| Cohabiting family | 642 (34.4) | 32.2 to 36.6 |
| Outpatient consult at a health center, hospital, doctor’s office, etc. | 56 (3.0) | 2.3 to 3.9 |
| Hospitalization | 4 (0.2) | 0.1 to 0.5 |
| Gym, church, commercial, other enclosed environments | 83 (4.4) | 3.6 to 5.5 |
| Public transportation | 18 (1.0) | 0.6 to 1.5 |
| Non-cohabiting person | 12 (0.6) | 0.3 to 1.1 |
| Healthcare professionals | 5 (0.3) | 0.1 to 0.6 |
| Travel, vacation | 19 (1.0) | 0.6 to 1.6 |
| Unknown | 426 (22.8) | 20.9 to 24.8 |
| Had not received vaccination | 1462 (78.6) | 76.7 to 80.5 |
| Sputnik V 1 dose | 88 (4.7) | 3.8 to 5.8 |
| Sputnik V 2 doses | 71 (3.8) | 3.0 to 4.8 |
| Sinopharm 1 dose | 67 (3.6) | 2.8 to 4.6 |
| Sinopharm 2 doses | 67 (3.6) | 2.8 to 4.6 |
| AstraZeneca 1 dose | 86 (4.6) | 3.7 to 5.7 |
| AstraZeneca 2 doses | 15 (0.8) | 0.5 to 1.3 |
| Johnson & Johnson only dose | 1 (0.1) | 0.0 to 0.3 |
| Sinovac | 1 (0.1) | 0.0 to 0.3 |
| Combination Sputnik V and Moderna | 1 (0.1) | 0.0 to 0.3 |
SD, Standard deviation. BMI, Body mass index. CI, Confidence interval. RT-qPCR, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction.
1Includes: lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism, vasculitis.
2Considered smoker.
3Considered former smokers.
4Included: corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, azathioprine, and mycophenolate.
5 Abbreviations for a polymerase chain reaction.
6 Until March 2021, total antibodies, anti-Spike antibodies, and Anti-nucleocapsid antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were considered; as of April 2021, only Anti-nucleocapsid antibodies were considered as indicators of infection, excluding patients vaccinated with the Sinopharm vaccine.
7 It was included as a syndrome consisting of signs and symptoms defined as a diagnosis made by a medical professional and validated by a chest X-ray and, or chest CT scan.
Source: Prepared by the authors of this study.