Published on 26 de June de 2025 | http://doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2025.05.3037
Descriptive analysis of immunological abnormalities in recurrent reproductive failure and therapeutical outcomes
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Analytical alterations found stratified by group.
| Peripheral cytotoxic NK cell expansion | 81 (57.0%) | 27 (55.1%) | 5 (62.5%) | 2 (33.3%) | 5 (55.5%) |
| Positive antiphospholipid antibodies | 54 (33.5%) | 23 (42.5%) | 3 (42.8%) | 3 (50.0%) | 9 (69.2%) |
| Positive antinuclear antibodies | 23 (15.4%) | 15 (28.3%) | 4 (57.1%) | 2 (28.5%) | 4 (44.4%) |
| Positive anti-thyroid antibodies | 31 (20.5%) | 6 (11.7%) | 1 (14.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Complement disturbance (C3/C4) | 19 (13.1%) /52 (36.1%) | 4 (8.6%) /13 (28.2%) | 0 (0.0%) /1 (14.2%) | 0 (0.0%) /2 (50.0%) | 0 (0.0%) /1 (16.6%) |
| Maternal-fetal KIR-HLA-C mismatch | 22 (37.2%) | 12 (41.3%) | 2 (50.0%) | 1 (50.0%) | 1 (33.3%) |
| Elevated monocytes (>10%) | 14 (10.1%) | 4 (8.5%) | 2 (28.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (16.6%) |
| Anti-transglutaminase IgA antibodies | 3 (2.0%) | 2 (3.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Genetic susceptibility CD | 80 (75.3%) | 38 (88.3%) | 5 (60.0%) | 5 (83.3%) | 6 (75.0%) |
| D-dimer > 400 ng/ml | 30 (29.4%) | 7 (20.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (50.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Fibrinogen > 450 mg/dl | 29 (23.7%) | 18 (39.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (75.0%) | 1 (16.6%) |
| Homocysteine > 12 umol/L | 7 (6.1%) | 3 (7.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (16.6%) |
| HOMA index > 3 | 15 (28.3%) | 6 (24.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (33.3%) | 1 (33.3%) |
| TSH > 2.5 uIU/ml | 25 (17.6%) | 4 (8.5%) | 1 (12.5%) | 3 (75.0%) | 4 (50.0%) |
| Vitamin D < 30 ng/ml | 84 (60.0%) | 16 (37.2%) | 2 (28.5%) | 2 (28.5%) | 6 (75.0%) |
CD, Celiac Disease. FD, fetal death. FH, family history. HLA-C, human leukocyte antigen C . HOMA, Homeostatic Model Assessment. I, infertility. IgA, immunoglobulin A. KIR, killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (killer immunoglobulin-like receptors).NK, Natural Killers. PG, preventive group. RM, recurrent miscarriage. RIF, recurrent implantation failure. TSH, thyrotropin, thyroid-stimulating hormone.
Notes: Data represented in absolute number (%) .
Source: Prepared by the authors based on the results of the study.