Health inequalities in post-COVID-19 Chile: Health system coverage and effective access by sex and migrant status

Estudios originales

Published on 29 de diciembre de 2025 | http://doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2025.11.3114

Health inequalities in post-COVID-19 Chile: Health system coverage and effective access by sex and migrant status

Adjusted analysis of the association between sociodemographic variables.

	Without foresight				Health needs				Unspoken demand				Unmet need
	(n = 14 767 688)				(n = 14 767 688)				(n = 2 563 565)				(n = 2 280 351)
	aOR	(95% CI)			aOR	(95% CI)			aOR	(95% CI)			aOR	(95% CI)
Female	0.6	(0.54	to	0.68)	1.3	(1.21	to	1.32)	0.9	(0.73	to	0.98)	1.2	(1.10	to	1.27)
Male	Ref				Ref				Ref				Ref
Migrant	10.3	(8.78	to	12.15)	0.7	(0.59	to	0.76)	1.5	(1.06	to	2.21)	1.2	(0.96	to	1.46)
Chilean	Ref				Ref				Ref				Ref
35 to 44 years old	0.7	(0.57	to	0.76)	1.2	(1.16	to	1.33)	1.1	(0.88	to	1.50)	1.0	(0.92	to	1.19)
45 to 54 years old	0.7	(0.61	to	0.87)	1.6	(1.48	to	1.67)	1.0	(0.81	to	1.17)	1.2	(1.02	to	1.41)
55 to 64 years old	0.8	(0.64	to	0.91)	1.9	(1.76	to	2.00)	1.0	(0.80	to	1.16)	1.2	(1.04	to	1.31)
65 to 74 years old	0.3	(0.25	to	0.43)	2.1	(1.99	to	2.27)	1.0	(0.78	to	1.17)	1.0	(0.89	to	1.16)
≥75 years old	0.2	(0.14	to	0.28)	2.6	(2.46	to	2.85)	0.8	(0.68	to	1.06)	1.0	(0.86	to	1.15)
< 35 years old	Ref				Ref				Ref				Ref
Rural	1.3	(1.15	to	1.52)	0.7	(0.67	to	0.74)	0.8	(0.69	to	1.02)	0.8	(0.75	to	0.91)
Urban	Ref				Ref				Ref				Ref
No education	1.5	(1.19	to	1.82)	1.0	(0.91	to	1.04)	1.1	(0.89	to	1.32)	1.4	(1.23	to	1.61)
Basic	1.5	(1.26	to	1.80)	0.9	(0.84	to	0.95)	0.9	(0.73	to	1.03)	1.3	(1.11	to	1.42)
Secondary	1.3	(1.07	to	1.48)	0.8	(0.79	to	0.89)	0.9	(0.79	to	1.07)	1.2	(1.04	to	1.28)
Higher	Ref				Ref				Ref				Ref
Unemployed	1.7	(1.43	to	2.09)	1.0	(0.90	to	1.08)	1.2	(0.98	to	1.58)	1.0	(0.82	to	1.20)
Inactive	1.4	(1.20	to	1.58)	1.0	(0.92	to	1.00)	1.0	(0.87	to	1.15)	1.0	(0.93	to	1.11)
Employed	Ref				Ref				Ref				Ref
I quintile	2.4	(1.85	to	3.04)	0.8	(0.69	to	0.89)	1.4	(1.14	to	1.78)	2.2	(1.90	to	2.57)
II quintile	2.0	(1.55	to	2.46)	0.8	(0.68	to	0.87)	1.2	(0.94	to	1.46)	2.0	(1.76	to	2.37)
III quintile	2.2	(1.75	to	2.87)	0.8	(0.70	to	0.90)	1.2	(0.96	to	1.50)	1.7	(1.44	to	1.91)
IV quintile	2.2	(1.58	to	3.06)	0.8	(0.73	to	0.96)	1.1	(0.85	to	1.30)	1.5	(1.28	to	1.71)
V quintile	Ref				Ref				Ref				Ref
_cons	0.0	(0.01	to	0.01)	0.2	(0.15	to	0.21)	0.1	(0.09	to	0.15)	0.3	(0.25	to	0.34)

aOR, adjusted odds ratio. Ref, reference. CI, confidence interval. cons, intercept (model constant).

Multivariate analysis to evaluate access to healthcare among women compared to men and among international migrants compared to Chileans, adjusting for sociodemographic variables and considering a 95% confidence interval.

Source: Prepared by the authors based on the study results.

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