Health inequalities in post-COVID-19 Chile: Health system coverage and effective access by sex and migrant status

Estudios originales

Published on 29 de diciembre de 2025 | http://doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2025.11.3114

Health inequalities in post-COVID-19 Chile: Health system coverage and effective access by sex and migrant status

Adjusted analysis of the association between sociodemographic variables, affiliation, and effective access to the health system, by migrant status.

	Without foresight				Health needs				Unspoken demand				Unmet need
	(N = 1 369 324)				(n = 1 369 324)				(n = 156 064)				(n = 131 150)
	OR	(95% CI)			OR	(95% CI)			OR	(95% CI)			OR	(95% CI)
Female	0.8	(0.61	to	0.94)	1.1	(0.87	to	1.36)	0.6	(0.37	to	0.90)	1.4	(0.93	to	2.15)
Male	Ref				Ref				Ref				Ref
35 to 44 years old	0.6	(0.46	to	0.71)	0.9	(0.69	to	1.26)	1.0	(0.49	to	2.10)	1.1	(0.67	to	1.88)
45 to 54 years old	0.4	(0.30	to	0.63)	1.7	(1.27	to	2.38)	1.2	(0.59	to	2.43)	1.3	(0.72	to	2.20)
55 to 64 years old	0.8	(0.52	to	1.32)	2.3	(1.56	to	3.32)	1.7	(0.87	to	3.43)	0.8	(0.42	to	1.70)
65 to 74 years old	1.0	(0.54	to	1.90)	2.0	(1.22	to	3.28)	1.8	(0.47	to	6.90)	0.9	(0.37	to	2.10)
≥75 years old	1.1	(0.49	to	2.30)	4.6	(2.44	to	8.61)	0.3	(0.03	to	2.30)	1.1	(0.35	to	3.40)
< 35 years old	Ref				Ref				Ref				Ref
Rural	1.3	(0.92	to	1.87)	0.6	(0.43	to	0.91)	2.5	(1.06	to	5.69)	1.6	(0.66	to	3.70)
Urban	Ref				Ref				Ref		to		Ref
No education	1.3	(0.88	to	1.91)	1.1	(0.77	to	1.55)	1.2	(0.51	to	2.87)	1.2	(0.58	to	2.69)
Basic	1.9	(1.38	to	2.56)	0.9	(0.65	to	1.15)	0.3	(0.14	to	0.78)	1.0	(0.55	to	1.67)
Medium	1.6	(1.21	to	2.03)	0.8	(0.63	to	1.03)	1.0	(0.56	to	1.95)	1.6	(1.03	to	2.61)
High	Ref				Ref				Ref				Ref
Unemployed	1.6	1.12	to	2.35)	0.9	(0.61	to	1.29)	0.9	(0.33	to	2.27)	0.5	(0.25	to	1.15)
Inactive	1.2	(0.87	to	1.56)	0.9	(0.69	to	1.14)	0.9	(0.41	to	1.83)	0.8	(0.46	to	1.33)
Employed	Ref				Ref				Ref				Ref
I quintile	3.4	(2.19	to	5.29)	0.8	(0.51	to	1.15)	1.3	(0.46	to	3.75)	3.4	(1.53	to	7.42)
II quintile	2.2	(1.49	to	3.38)	0.7	(0.46	to	1.04)	1.3	(0.48	to	3.65)	2.7	(1.30	to	5.76)
III quintile	3.1	(2.04	to	4.83)	0.6	(0.43	to	0.92)	1.4	(0.46	to	4.01)	1.7	(0.87	to	3.45)
IV quintile	3.5	(2.00	to	6.17)	0.7	(0.45	to	0.97)	1.6	(0.61	to	4.17)	2.1	(1.04	to	4.11)
V quintile	Ref				Ref				Ref				Ref
_cons	0.1	(0.05	to	0.10)	0.2	(0.10	to	0.28)	0.2	(0.05	to	0.65)	0.3	(0.13	to	0.50)

OR, Odds ratio. CI, Confidence interval. Ref, Reference. cons, Intercept (model constant).

Multivariate analysis to assess access to healthcare among migrant women compared to migrant men, adjusting for sociodemographic variables, considering a 95% confidence interval.

Source: Prepared by the authors based on the study results.

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