Revisión sistemática

Published on 22 de mayo de 2024 | http://doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2024.04.2910

Methodological considerations in the study of perceived discrimination at work and its association with workers health and occupational outcomes: A scoping review

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Association between perceived job discrimination and health and occupational outcome using discrimination as an independent variable.
Articles% (n)Effect of discriminationArticles
Mental health38.3 (23/60)95.7% (22/23) of the studies found a negative effect on mental health.Mental health, stress and anxiety [16], common mental disorders [17], psychological stress [18], mental health and stress [19], psychological breach of contract [20], mental health [21], depression [22], self-esteem [23], depressive symptoms [24], self-esteem [25], depression and anxiety [26], depressive symptoms [27], paranoia voice [28], depressive symptoms [29], depression and anxiety [30], depression [31], psychological stress [32], depressive symptoms, anxiety and somatization symptoms [33], psychological stress and well-being [34], psychological stress and mental problems [35], psychological stress [36], depression [37].
4.3% (1/23) of the studies found no association with mental health.Depressive symptoms [38].
Physical health13.3 (8/60)75% (6/8) of the studies found a negative effect on physical health.Musculoskeletal symptoms [16], physical health [18], physical health [21], physical health [26], musculoskeletal symptoms [39], physical symptoms [38].
25% (2/8) of the studies partially found a negative effect on physical health.Performance during recruitment (fitness test) [22], low back pain [40].
General health16.7 (10/60)70% (7/10) of the studies found a negative effect on general health.General health [16], General health [22], General health (SF-12) [23], Well-being [41], General health [31,37], General health and happiness [42].
20% (2/10) of the studies found a partial negative effect on general health.General health [43], general health [35].
10% (1/10) of the studies found no association with general health.General health [44].
Health behaviors5.0(3/60)66.7% (2/3) of the studies found a negative effect on health behavior.Alcohol and physical activity [26], alcohol [45].
33.3% (1/3) of the studies partially found a negative effect on health behavior.Alcohol [34].
Other health problems11.7 (7/60)85.7% (6/7) of the studies found a negative effect on other health problems.Headache and insomnia [16], health conditions [46], sleep duration, insomnia symptoms and excessive sleepiness [47], sleep duration [48], sleep disorders [35], chronic health conditions [37].
14.3% (1/7) of the studies partially found a negative effect on other health problems.Hypertension [21].
Commitment and work satisfaction33.3 (20/60)70% (14/20) of the studies found a negative effect on commitment and job satisfaction.Job satisfaction [18], organizational commitment and intentions to leave [49], job satisfaction and employee motivation [50], organizational commitment and intentions to leave [25], job effectiveness and satisfaction [26], job satisfaction, satisfaction with life, intention to leave the organization and intention to leave the career field [51], job satisfaction, satisfaction with promotion opportunities, organizational commitment, organizational-based self-esteem, professional commitment and turnover intentions [52],job satisfaction [33], job satisfaction [53], job satisfaction and turnover intentions [54], job satisfaction [36], job dissatisfaction [55], job satisfaction [56], job satisfaction and organizational commitment [42].
25% (5/20) of the studies found a negative effect on job commitment and satisfaction, partially.Affective career commitment, normative career commitment [57], job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior [58], employee satisfaction and performance [59] job satisfaction and likelihood of working after retirement age [31], job satisfaction and Intention to leave [60].
5% (1/20) of the studies found a positive effect on job commitment.Job engagement [61].
Mental health related to work11.7 (7/60)100% (7/7) of the studies found a negative effect on work-related mental health.Job stress [50], job stress [26], burnout [62], job stress [51], burnout job stress [53], burnout [35], paranoid cognition at work and emotional exhaustion [54].
Organizations conditions10.0 (6/60)83.3% (5/6) of the studies found a negative effect on organizational conditions.Job mistreatment [63], work family conflict [64], job turnover [65] , job strain [56], job quality [66].
16.7% (1/6) of the studies did not find an association with organizational conditions.Complaints [58].
Absenteeism8.3 (5/60)80% (4/5) of the studies found a negative effect on absenteeism.Sickness absence [33], number of days of mental ill health experienced in the last 30 days [53], sickness absence in the last 12 months [67], and long-term sickness absence [68].
20% (1/5) of the studies found a negative effect on absenteeism, partially.Long-term sickness absence [69].
Other factors related to work8.3 (5/60)20% (1/5) of the studies found a negative effect on other factors.Underutilization of skills and underqualification [70].
40% (2/5) of the studies found a partial negative effect on other factors.Fear of success and perceived commitment to promotion [71], previous coming out experiences, and degree of disclosure at work [72].
40% (2/5) of the studies did not find an association with other factors.Successful aging in the workplace [73], person-organization fit [74].

SF-12, Short Form 12 Health Survey..

Source: Prepared by the authors of this study.