Artículo de revisión
Published on 15 de abril de 2024 | http://doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2024.03.2710
Literature review on sexuality in the elderly: What is being taught and with what technologies
Hunsaker | Quantitative literature review. | To examine studies on Internet use in elderly people, including the impact on social inequities in those who use it. | Inclusion: articles with quantitative results from surveys of elderly people using a large, representative sample. | Elderly people use the internet less than younger people. Various access, use, and skills are related to age, income, education, health status, and social inequality. The main use of the internet is social networking and searching for health information. | Some interventions teach how to perform health searches on the internet. | Researchers should use standardized measures to assess health and well-being as the history and outcomes of Internet use in elderly people. |
Casado Muñoz | Mixed methods study. | To know the use of social networks by elderly people over 55 years of age enrolled in university programs. To identify the social networks of greatest use. To detect participants' perceptions. | Inclusion: People aged 50 years and over enrolled in an inter-university program at the University of Burgos in the capital city in the 2017/18 academic year. | 84.2% reported daily use of social networks. The most used social network was WhatsApp. Five types of attitude were identified: absolutely positive, positive, critical, positive, negative, and disinterested. Excessive use and misuse are questioned. Access to information, power of communication, and interest in improving internet use are valued. | Programs should be inclusive and adapted in pedagogy to the reality, learning style, and needs of elderly people, but with respect for privacy. These educational programs have a good academic, social, and psychological impact. | These programs are needed since there is a demand for training on technology-related content for elderly people. |
Reychav | Quantitative study. | To examine the relationship between media and medical information (digital or print) and patients' desire to participate in SDM or ISDM format. To discover the social and personal factors that explain participation in SDM or ISDM. | Inclusion: elderly people aged 65 and over in assisted living facilities in Israel. | There is an association between the level of understanding of medical information and the tendency to choose a decision process based on SDM (physician and patient decide) or ISDM (ultimately, the patient decides). Some factors predict the patient’s tendency to choose the SDM or ISDM model. There is a correlation between media type and perceived ease of use in seeking and understanding medical information. | Digital and non-digital (print) media provide medical information to elderly people to participate in health decisions, incentivizing shared decision-making and further empowering the patient using digital resources. | Healthcare professionals should consider the transition to digital information sources as the norm for elderly people and encourage the use of communication and information technologies in older adulthood. |
de Moura | Systematic review of qualitative studies. | To identify in the scientific literature the technologies developed for health education of the elderly in the community. | Inclusion: 1) Primary articles, in any language, published until August 2018, that showed educational technologies aimed at people aged 60 and older. | The technologies found (programs, videos, printed materials, mock-ups, phone calls) are feasible for health education and show positive effects on elderly people. Printed material, programs, and videos predominated. The most appropriate method should be chosen according to the social reality of the elderly people in the community. | Technology is contributing to health education because of its visual, tactile, and auditory stimuli, which exercise memory and information retention. Health education is a necessary tool to promote the health of elderly people. | Social participation and autonomy should be promoted. Healthcare professionals should decide on the optimal technology for relationships and dialogue, humanizing care and promoting the health of elderly people. |
Cardozo | Action research (mixed). | To improve the interaction experience and, therefore, to promote the virtual social integration of elderly people. | Inclusion: elderly people participating in computer training units. | There are good results when using digital devices, preferably tablets. | It is possible to deliver educational content to elderly people on social networks. | Designers should consider interfaces, types of platforms, web designs, and using tablets by elderly people as users. |
García et al., | Literature review (mixed). | To conduct a literature review of published works on the use of technologies used in elderly people in rural settings. | Inclusion: 1) Articles between 2014 and 2020, with abstract 2) People aged 60 and over 3) Technology as a support or technical aid in daily life. | There are several technologies in use. However, the application in occupational areas was limited, with minimal research in rural settings. There was a good evaluation of technologies that promote and improve communication aspects in elderly people and reduce social withdrawal. | The different technologies are important to have communication and educational links and to improve the quality of life, promote active aging, and train memory, among others. | Occupational therapists are important in promoting tools for social and healthcare independence in daily life and other problems in older adulthood. |
Airola E., | Systematic review of qualitative studies. | To evaluate the literature on eHealth learning and use in older adults aged 60 and over in domestic settings and remote rural areas, focusing on social and cultural contexts. | Inclusion: 1) Academic papers published in peer-reviewed scientific journals 2) Written in English 3) Empirical study designs aimed at supporting eHealth use 4) Published between 2010 and 2020 5) Elderly people aged 60 and over. | Health problems are the most common barrier to learning and using eHealth. Another barrier is a lack of connectivity (e.g., no wifi connection). The support provided and social networks are key to learning and using eHealth. eHealth technology is needed to facilitate access and reduce logistical barriers to healthcare services in rural and remote areas. | Peers and healthcare officials have a relevant role in learning and using eHealth. | Technical skills are necessary for using technologies such as eHealth, and healthcare professionals' participation is fundamental. |
Horne | Scoping Review. | Identify and examine what education and training exist to assist nursing staff and workers in meeting the sexual needs of older residents. | Yes, but not specified. | We found mixed content and methodologies (workshops, lectures, discussions, handouts, etc., and DVD and online courses) to educate healthcare staff on sexuality and support for elderly people in the USA, Australia, South Africa, and the UK. | Educational interventions and resources in sexuality focused on healthcare staff to support older adults in care. | Sexuality training in intimate spaces is highlighted; however, few educational interventions and training resources were identified in the review. |
González-Soto | Systematic review of qualitative studies. | To analyze the scientific production on sexuality in older adults in the last five years, as well as the level of evidence. | Inclusion: 1) Spanish, English, and Portuguese language 2) From 2015 to 2019 3) 60 years or older. | The sexuality of older adults is finding a channel of expression through the media and digital networks. The importance of orientation in sexuality by healthcare professionals is recognized. | There is a need for sexuality approaches by healthcare professionals. | There is a need for further research on sexuality in the elderly. |
Li et al., | Cross-sectional study. | To assess the understanding/opinion of elderly people scheduling online appointments during the pandemic by COVID-19. To analyze social factors that may influence satisfaction. To explore personal demands regarding online scheduling. | Inclusion: 1) Age 60 and older 2) Ability to answer the survey and informed consent 3) Previous use of online scheduling systems at East Shanghai Hospital. | Satisfaction was higher in those using online scheduling systems compare to face-to-face scheduling (old and new users) after the pandemic, due to greater distance from the hospital, greater number of visits, accompanied living, low difficulty of operation, and correct choice of specialists. For new users, online scheduling was better than face-to-face because of the convenience, time saved, preventing infectious diseases, precision in medicine, and privacy. | Designers have simplified online operations, adjusting the interface for elderly people. Training has been conducted to make online payments. These actions lower the threshold for this age group to access medical services using the internet. | Medical institutions and designers should develop quality digital public services, adjusting font, text, and audio-visual input for elderly people. |
Zhao et al., | Exploratory systematic review. | Understanding OHIS in elderly people. | Inclusion: 1) Recent health-related articles 2) Articles describing OHIS 3) Age 60 or 65 years and older 4) Based on empirical data in peer-reviewed journals 5) Written in English. | Elderly people seek information on health (specific diseases, medications, and treatment, etc.) in digital sources (web pages, search engines such as Google, social networks, etc). There are individual, social (social stigma of sexual health problems), and digital technology barriers. | Eleven education interventions are mentioned to carry out OHIS. There are face-to-face and online training workshops, with several sessions of two to three hours, for one to four months. All programs reported at least one positive effect on OHIS support. | Age-friendly technology design is recommended. |
Lindberg et al., | Qualitative study. | To explore how affective notions of space and age construct elderly people’s response to digital health care technologies in rural communities. | Inclusion: 1) People 60 and older 2) Who have used digital healthcare technologies in community healthcare centers. | Positive aspects of using digital technologies are mentioned: use of eHealth, increased access to health, security and flexibility of digital media, losing fear of use, and fear of giving out private information. There are four negative emotions: Resignation to using eHealth, 2) That there is no other option than eHealth, 3) Lack of entitlement, Opposition. | In some rural communities in Sweden, face-to-face healthcare has been replaced by digital technologies: smart watch with self-monitoring, sending data to nurses, virtual health rooms, and video calls to physicians using cameras and advanced equipment. | Not everyone prefers digital health technologies; geographic and demographic factors shape patient preferences. Digital technologies are not always empowering. |
ISDM, Informed Shared Decision Making. OHIS, Online Health Information Seeking.SDM, Shared Decision Making.
Source: Prepared by the authors.