PD: periodontal disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease
Note: based on the review carried out, the genera Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., and Escherichia spp. were the dominant groups of enterobacteria in both the oral cavity and oropharynx. The determinants of this colonization pattern may vary according to age, with par3afunctional habits and poor hygiene being primarily recognized in children and adolescents, and terminal clinical status or the use of medical devices in older adults. The consequences of this colonization can increase the likelihood of infectious and inflammatory conditions, both oral and extraoral, as well as genetic and microbial factors that contribute to the host condition.
Source: Prepared by the authors with Microsoft Power Point 2019.